Subnetting Questions Free Essays

Subnetting Questions ITE PC v4. 0 Chapter 1 Â © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights saved. We will compose a custom article test on Subnetting Questions or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now Cisco Public 1 Identify the Number of Subnets and Hosts 1. You have been appointed the IP organize address of 135. 65. 0. 0 and have chosen 255. 255. 240. 0 as the subnet veil. What number of legitimate subnet addresses are accessible? 2. You have a system address of 132. 66. 0. 0 and a subnet veil of 255. 255. 240. 0. Locate the quantity of the legitimate subnets and what number of conceivable host addresses are on each subnet barring locations of every one of the 1s and each of the 0s. 3. You have a system address of 165. 35. 0. 0 and have chosen 255. 255. 92. 0 as the subnet veil esteem. What number of conceivable subnets are there? ITE PC v4. 0 Chapter 1 Â © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights saved. Cisco Public 2 Identify the Number of Subnets and Hosts 1. You have a system address of 220. 16. 22. 0 and have chosen 255. 255. 255. 224 as the subnet veil esteem. What number of conceivable subnets are there? 2. You have a system address of 199. 112. 199. 0 and have chosen 255. 25 5. 255. 240 as the subnet cover esteem. What number of conceivable subnets are there? 3. You have a system address of 133. 233. 11. 0 and have chosen 255. 255. 255. 240 as the subnet cover esteem. What number of potential hosts are on each subnet, barring subnet address and communicated address? ITE PC v4. 0 Chapter 1 Â © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights held. Cisco Public 3 Select a Subnet Mask 1. Your customer has a class B arrange address and needs to help 500 has on however many subnets as would be prudent. Which subnet cover would it be a good idea for you to suggest? 2. Your customer has a class B IP arrange address and needs to help 60 has on however many subnets as would be prudent. Which subnet veil would it be advisable for you to suggest? 3. You are designing a system and have been doled out the system address of 212. 109. 55. 0. You need to subnet the system to take into consideration 10 subnets with 7 hosts for each subnet. What subnet veil would it be a good idea for you to utilize? 4. Your system has been allocated the IP address of 131. 66. 0. 0 for your system. You have established that you need 16 subnets to take into account development. What subnet veil worth would you use? 5. You have been doled out 197. 177. 25. 0 for your system. You have established that you need 5 subnets to take into account development. What subnet veil would you use? Â © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights held. Cisco Public ITE PC v4. 0 Chapter 1 4 Select a Subnet Mask 1. You have been appointed 195. 1. 13. 0 for your system. You have established that you need 8 subnets to take into consideration development. What subnet cover would you use? 2. You have been allocated 140. 225. 0. 0 for your system. You have confirmed that you need 39 subnets to take into account development. What subnet veil would you use? ITE PC v4. 0 Cha pter 1 Â © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights held. Cisco Public 5 Select a Subnet Mask 1. Your system has been allocated 200. 55. 6. 0 as the system address. You have established that you need six subnets. Which of the accompanying would it be advisable for you to use as your subnet cover to give four subnets? A. 255. 55. 255. 128 B. 255. 255. 255. 192 C. 255. 255. 255. 224 D. 255. 255. 255. 240 E. 255. 255. 255. 248 F. 255. 255. 255. 252 ITE PC v4. 0 Chapter 1 Â © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights saved. Cisco Public 6 Select a Subnet Mask 1. Your system has been alloted 168. 11. 0. 0 as the system address. You have confirmed that you need 70 subnets. Which subnet cover worth would it be advisable for you to choose to give 70 subnets? A. 255. 255. 252. 0 B. 255. 255. 248. 0 C. 255. 255. 240. 0 D. 255. 255. 254. 0 E. 255. 255. 255. 0 ITE PC v4. 0 Chapter 1 Â © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights held. Cisco Public Select a Subnet Mask 1. You are designing a system and have be en allocated the system address of 212. 12. 12. 0. You need to subnet the system to take into account 15 subnets with 20 hosts for every subnet. What subnet veil would it be advisable for you to utilize? A. 255. 255. 255. 128 B. 255. 255. 255. 240 C. 255. 255. 255. 192 D. 255. 255. 255. 248 E. 255. 255. 255. 224 ITE PC v4. 0 Chapter 1 Â © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights saved. Cisco Public 8 Identify Valid Subnets 1. You have a system address of 132. 66. 0. 0 and a subnet cover of 255. 255. 224. 0. Which four of coming up next are substantial subnet addresses? A. 132. 66. 224. 0 B. 132. 66. 255. 0 C. 132. 98. 0. 0 D. 132. 66. 0. 0 E. 132. 66. 192. 0 F. 132. 66. 96. 0 G. 132. 130. 0. 0 ITE PC v4. 0 Chapter 1 Â © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights held. Cisco Public 9 Identify Valid Subnets 1. You have a system address of 133. 233. 11. 0 and a subnet veil of 255. 255. 240. 0. Which three of coming up next are substantial subnet addresses? A. 133. 233. 27. 0 B. 133. 233. 11. 248 C. 133. 233. 11. 232 D. 133. 233. 11. 176 E. 133. 233. 43. 0 F. 133. 233. 11. 240 G. 133. 233. 11. 48 ITE PC v4. 0 Chapter 1 Â © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights saved. Cisco Public 10 Identify Valid Subnets 1. You have a system address of 201. 79. 187. 0 and a subnet veil of 255. 255. 255. 192. Which three of coming up next are legitimate subnet addresses? A. 201. 79. 187. 48 B. 201. 79. 187. 224 C. 201. 79. 187. 64 D. 201. 79. 187. 32 E. 201. 79. 187. 1 F. 201. 79. 187. 192 G. 201. 79. 187. 128 ITE PC v4. 0 Chapter 1 Â © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights held. Cisco Public 11 Identify Valid Subnets 1. You have a system address of 129. 111. 0. 0 and a subnet cover of 255. 255. 224. 0. Which two of coming up next are legitimate subnet addresses? A. 129. 111. 60. 0 B. 129. 175. 0. 0 C. 129. 111. 0. 96 D. 129. 111. 0. 32 E. 129. 111. 96. 0 F. 129. 143. 0. 0 ITE PC v4. 0 Chapter 1 Â © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights saved. Cisco Public 12 Identifying the Host Range 1. You have a system address of 202. 200. 55. 0 with a subnet cover of 255. 255. 255. 224. Which of coming up next is the communicated address for subnet 202. 200. 55. 96? A. 202. 20 0. 55. 1 B. 202. 200. 55. 96 C. 202. 200. 55. 97 D. 202. 200. 55. 111 E. 202. 200. 55. 127 F. 202. 200. 55. 255 ITE PC v4. 0 Chapter 1 Â © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights saved. Cisco Public 13 Distinguishing the Host Range 1. You have a system address of 160. 88. 0. 0 with a subnet veil of 255. 255. 248. 0. Which of coming up next is the communicated address for subnet 160. 88. 64. 0? A. 160. 88. 64. 255 B. 160. 88. 71. 255 C. 160. 88. 95. 255 D. 160. 88. 127. 255 E. 160. 88. 255. 255 ITE PC v4. 0 Chapter 1 Â © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights saved. Cisco Public 14 Identifying the Host Range 1. What is the IP address on subnet 202. 177. 48. 64 if the veil esteem is 255. 255. 255. 240? A. 202. 177. 48. 255 B. 202. 177. 48. 95 C. 202. 177. 48. 112 D. 202. 177. 48. 127 E. 202. 77. 48. 79 ITE PC v4. 0 Chapter 1 Â © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights held. Cisco Public 15 Identifying the Host Range 1. A host on the system has an IP address of 223. 233. 11. 101 with a subnet veil of 255. 255. 255. 240. What is the subnet address of this host? 2. A host on the system has an IP address of 197. 65. 251. 125 with a subnet veil of 255. 255. 255. 240. What is the subnet address of this host? 3. A host on the system has an IP address of 201. 79. 187. 236 with a subnet veil of 255. 255. 255. 192. What is the subnet address of this host? ITE PC v4. 0 Chapter 1 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights held. Cisco Public 16 Identifying the Host Range 1. What is the communicated address for subnet 200. 195. 55. 64/29? 2. You have a system address of 129. 111. 0. 0 and a subnet veil of 255. 255. 224. 0. Which three of coming up next are legitimate host addresses for the subnet 129. 111. 64. 0? A. 129. 111. 48. 69 B. 129. 111. 32. 122 C. 129. 111. 93. 166 D. 129. 111. 89. 0 E. 129. 111. 0. 66 F. 129. 111. 65. 11 ITE PC v4. 0 Chapter 1 Â © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights saved. Cisco Public 17 Identifying the Host Range 1. You have a system address of 233. 33. 11. 0 and a subnet cover of 255. 255. 255. 224. Which three of coming up next are legitimate host addresses for the subnet 233. 233. 11. 32? A. 233. 233. 11. 52 B. 233. 233. 11. 61 C. 233. 233. 11. 39 D. 233 . 233. 15. 32 E. 233. 233. 11. 33 F. 233. 233. 125. 32 G. 233. 233. 11. 44 ITE PC v4. 0 Chapter 1 Â © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights saved. Cisco Public 18 Identifying the Host Range 1. You have a system address of 132. 66. 0. 0 and a subnet cover of 255. 255. 224. 0. Which three of coming up next are legitimate host addresses for the subnet 132. 66. 160. 0? A. 132. 66. 161. 0 B. 132. 6. 188. 88 C. 132. 66. 32. 163 D. 132. 66. 48. 111 E. 132. 66. 193. 6 F. 132. 66. 175. 252 ITE PC v4. 0 Chapter 1 Â © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights held. Cisco Public 19 Identifying the Host Range 1. You have a system address of 201. 79. 187. 0 and a subnet veil of 255. 255. 255. 192. Which three of coming up next are legitimate host addresses for the subnet 201. 79. 187. 128? A. 201. 79. 187. 196 B. 201. 79. 187. 132 C. 201. 79. 187. 166 D. 201. 79. 187. 33 E. 201. 79. 187. 189 F. 201. 79. 187. 12 ITE PC v4. 0 Chapter 1 Â © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights held. Cisco Public 20 The most effective method to refer to Subnetting Questions, Papers

Evolution has by necessity, allowed the survival o Essay Example For Students

Advancement has by need, permitted the endurance o Essay f the fittest. Crude man hadto scrounge and chase for food from nature. Hence, people created sharp tastereceptors for fat-rich, caloric nourishments. Since the accessibility of food was dubious, thosewho had stores of fat in their bodies, would be increasingly ready to endure the unforgiving conditionsof crude life. In present day times, we despite everything have the equivalent however debilitated taste receptors ofprimitive man. Along these lines, we despite everything have the fondness for sugar since sugar was difficult to comeby in crude occasions all sugar must be enhanced by plants and natural products. In any case, mostly,today, the proclivity for fat has been liable for a multi-million dollar diet foodindustry. As of late, ProcterGambol has incorporated a fat which doesn't act likeother fats. It is an engineered substance, since it isn't found in nature, called Olestra(Olean monetarily). Different endeavors have been made for the ideal fat substitute, from utilizing fruit purée in cake players to prune juice. Be that as it may, never has there been a fruitful fat-freesubstitute which is really a fat. This incorporated substance, Olestra, is touted to be theultimate fat. It has a similar wealth that describes fat, and which fulfills our tonguereceptors. Olestra is likewise heat-safe, which implies that customarily fatteningfast-nourishments and lousy nourishments, can be set up with without fat oil. The advancement of Olestra came fortunately when researchers began toresearch distinctive fat structures for newborn children in 1959. Babies need high fat eating regimens to start with,but it was evident that untimely newborn children made some hard memories processing certain fats soresearch was done in finding a fat which could be all the more effectively processed. Researchers originally tried different things with the customary ester model of a fat. Acombination of a liquor, sorbitol, and unsaturated fats. They had a go at appending just 1 greasy acid,and found that the outcome was very much processed. At the point when they attempted 2 F.A.s the resultingmolecule was far and away superior processed and best processed when 3 F.A.s were utilized. Be that as it may, whenthey took a stab at connecting 4-6 F.A.s, the structures absorbability logically deteriorated, until 6fatty acids were totally unpalatable. This sorbitol/corrosive ester intrigued researchers, andthey chose to take their examination further, and toward an alternate heading, that of fatindigestibility. Sorbitol was a costly business food fixing, so sucrosepolyesters were utilized. As per the triglyceride model, a polyester ofsucrose (C12H22O11) rings limited by liquor bunches with 6-8 unsaturated fat side chains. Thisis known as sucrose polyester. The body assimilates triglycerides, however not Olestra however they are both largemolecules. Different triglycerides are cut up by catalysts called lipase in our digestion tracts by thelock and key system. In any case, on account of Olestra, there is no space between thecramped unsaturated fat atoms, thus the spaces between the unsaturated fat particles areconcealed, covered up, rendering lipase pointless. This is the reason Olestra can experience thegastrointestinal tract without being processed or assimilated. Alongside the advancements of this disclosure, come the issues of the originalOlestra structure. In fundamental discoveries, Olestra caused nutrient exhaustion. VitaminsA,D,E, and K are fat solvent. They join to fat. So when Olestra goes along, thevitamins would experience the GI tract as well. ProcterGambol rectified this issue byadding nutrients to nourishments containing Olestra. Along these lines, the Olestra atoms need tobind to nutrients was gone, and no extra retentio n of nutrients happened. Carotenoids, for example, carrots, melon, and dim green, verdant vegetables had asimilar issue. Carotenoids help in forestalling numerous kinds of malignant growths however some are fatsoluble. PG didn't right this issue since carotenoids and Olestra were notnormally blended by a great many people. Ex. broccoli and potato chips, wafers and melon. .ub3f16ea59be60055d0fce2886b75d82b , .ub3f16ea59be60055d0fce2886b75d82b .postImageUrl , .ub3f16ea59be60055d0fce2886b75d82b .focused content zone { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .ub3f16ea59be60055d0fce2886b75d82b , .ub3f16ea59be60055d0fce2886b75d82b:hover , .ub3f16ea59be60055d0fce2886b75d82b:visited , .ub3f16ea59be60055d0fce2886b75d82b:active { border:0!important; } .ub3f16ea59be60055d0fce2886b75d82b .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .ub3f16ea59be60055d0fce2886b75d82b { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; obscurity: 1; change: darkness 250ms; webkit-progress: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .ub3f16ea59be60055d0fce2886b75d82b:active , .ub3f16ea59be60055d0fce2886b75d82b:hover { haziness: 1; progress: murkiness 250ms; webkit-change: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .ub3f16ea59be60055d0fce2886b75d82b .focused content region { width: 100%; position: relative; } .ub3f16ea59be60055d0fce2886b75d82b .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content design: underline; } .ub3f16ea59be60055d0fce2886b75d82b .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .ub3f16ea59be60055d0fce2886b75d82b .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; outskirt sweep: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: intense; line-tallness: 26px; moz-fringe span: 3px; content adjust: focus; content adornment: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub3f16ea59be60055d0fce2886b75d82b:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .ub3f16ea59be60 055d0fce2886b75d82b .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .ub3f16ea59be60055d0fce2886b75d82b-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .ub3f16ea59be60055d0fce2886b75d82b:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: One Flew over the Cuckoo's Nest †Psychosurgery and Institutionalization EssayDepletion possibly happens when these two are expended simultaneously. The legislative issues associated with showcasing Olestra was thorough. In 1971, PG appliedfor its first patent for Olestra. The FDA as a rule takes 1/2-6 years to audit suchproposals. Tests despite everything indicated that Olestra despite everything caused minor GI issues such asflatulence and looseness of the bowels, yet not clinical the runs, which is deadly. These issues werebothersome, yet not risky. Tests must be directed and this was troublesome becauseOlestra is a large scale particle it can take up as much as 1/3 the heaviness of the food it isbeing utilized in. It isn't just a food added substance, for example, MSG. So toxicology tests onanimals must be precise if the typical testing portion of multiple times the human servingwas utilized. However, that sum

Cool People. And Lunch!

Cool People. And Lunch! A few weeks ago, Susan Lanza (the undergraduate administrator for MITs Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences a.k.a. Course 9) sent out the following email: I , and the department are looking for 4-6 volunteers from each class who would like to have lunch on Tuesday, April 26, 2011 with the Visiting Committee. The Visiting Committee is made up of members of the MIT Corp., faculty from other schools and donors/sponsors to both the department and the Institute. You must be available from 12-1:00 pm. Every 2 years all departments through out MIT are reviewed by these committees, different cast of characters. This is a very important process, the Visiting Committee meets with undergrads, grads, junior faculty and tenured faculty separately to assess the state of the department. Your feedback is vital to this process. If you are interested in participating please respond to this e-mail with your name and your year. In the case of too many volunteers we will pick names from a hat. I RSVP-ed attending to this lunch event for two main reasons: (1) I didnt really know much about Visiting Committees but thought they sounded neat. and, of course: (2) Free food is always good :) The lunch in question ended approximately 41 minutes ago and seriously just made me love MIT more. The members of the Visiting Committee were, as expected, incredibly legit. If you check out this list here, you might even recognize a few names, likeoh, I dont know the McGovern of the the McGovern Institute for Brain Research at MIT or maybe the Whitehead of MITs Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research? Yeah, like I said: legit. For about an hour, the Visiting Committee listened to us share our thoughts on the Brain/Cognitive Sciences major, listening to both the criticisms and the compliments we doled out. Several of the V.C. members took detailed notes on what we had to say and asked us follow-up questions whenever they wanted to know more. They made me feel so special. Yeah, MIT has 4,000+ undergrads, but these people take time out of their days and lives to come and listen to us, to report on what we say, to champion our cause, and to make changes in the department based on our feedback. I know there are a lot of you who still havent fully decided whether or not to enroll here at MIT. Though I have no awe-inspiring advice or foolproof wisdom, I can tell you that if you do come here, you will be taken care of. People will seek you out, ask to hear your ideas, treat your suggestions seriously. You will have an impact on your school, your community, your world. You will have the chance to better what already exists and create what doesnt. And you might have just as hard a time as I am right getting over the fact that I spent an hour of my life sitting next to the incrediblyy nice Susan Whitehead. Ahh! P.S. A shoutout to my CPW prefrosh, who can now offically call herself Mihika 15 :) Cant wait to meet more of you 15s in the fall!

Structure Of The Play For Each Stage Of Plot Development

Structure of the play: For each stage of plot development, provide one example from the play that illustrates the stage of plot development, identify the Act in which it occurs, and explain how the example represents the stage of plot development. Exposition: The play opens in the cold and dark winter night in Denmark, where several guards are changing on the battlements of the royal castle of Elsinore. They discuss how two nights in a row, a ghost resembling the deceased King Hamlet emerges just as the bell strikes the hour of one. A man named Horatio is informed that the apparition comes at this time and decides to see it for himself and when they realize that the ghost is real, they decide to inform Hamlet and begin to comprehend that the siting of King Hamlet’s ghost does not mean well for the future of Denmark. This occurs during Act 1 and this example represents the exposition of the drama because the author is provided information about the setting of the play, several characters, and several concepts that coincide with Denmark and its future. Rising Action: In Act 2, Claudius and Gertrude desire to figure out why Hamlet is mad so they decide to bring Guildenstern and Rosencrantz, two of Hamlet’s schoolmates to spy on him and find out. Claudius also reveals that he wants to send Hamlet to England because he thinks that Hamlet’s madness will cause conflicts in Denmark. This example is the rising action because, by bringing Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, the KingShow MoreRelatedFilm Analysis: Slacker 19911188 Words   |  5 Pagesby following different characters from one location to another. Like normal three-act-structured films, â€Å"Slacker† has no protagonist to lead a plot line. Its therefore no plot to connect the scenes to each other, creating many individual scenes with their own mini-narrative. The scenes are linked together to a full-length film, not by a plot, but by physically travelling with the camera around the city. In comparison to normal three-act-structured films, I think theres many similaritiesRead MorePlot And Action In Twelfth Night By Shakespeare1527 Words   |  7 PagesScene 3: Plot and Action (Molià ¨re skillfully uses chopsticks to pick up a small egg roll from his appetizer and drops it as he opens his eyes real big. His pupils dilate and Molià ¨re cracks a small smile as he realizes exactly what topic he wants to discuss next.) Molià ¨re. Since we’re on the subject of discussing your play Twelfth Night, there are a couple of key aspects within the dramaturgy of that play that, to this day, still confuse me. William Shakespeare. And what may those be? 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Experimentation and innovation are basic to this century’s dramatist. Through movies

The Mother-Daughter Relationship in Toni Morrisons...

The Mother-Daughter Relationship in Toni Morrisons Beloved In Toni Morrison’s Beloved, 124 can be thought of as a character with human characteristics that are brought about by the spiritual presence of Sethe’s deceased daughter. It is almost as if the house is the physical element of this spiritual force, and the naming of the house as simply 124 immediately allows â€Å"readers to unconsciously register the unseen number three in 1-2-4† (Washington 175). This idea becomes relevant because after registering this, we can see a reoccurring pattern of this concept throughout the text. First of all, there were three females in Sethe’s family, and after murdering her eldest daughter, there was left a â€Å"triad of grandmother, mother, and†¦show more content†¦Get the hell out!† A table rushed toward him and he grabbed its legs. Somehow he managed to stand at an angle and, holding the table by two legs, he bashed it about, wrecking everything, screaming back at the screaming house. â€Å"You want to f ight, come on! God damn it! She got enough without you. She got enough! (22). While Sethe, Denver, and Baby Suggs all seem to accept the presence of this spirit, Paul D does not. He stands up to this spirit, like no one else ever had, and it seems to â€Å"disappear.† Through this violent act, he rids Sethe of the spirit of her baby girl that has been present at the house for a number of years. And through the exorcism of the baby ghost by Paul D it brings him and Sethe closer, and they become unified physically, through the act of sexual intercourse, and emotionally through Paul D’s relieving Sethe of part of her troubles, namely her guilt, by ridding her of the baby ghost. Again we see this same concept of unification through violence toward the end of the novel where we see Sethe attempt to attack Bodwin. Washington writes, She thinks the defiler has returned, again, to enslave, sully, and steal her â€Å"best thing,† and she releases her Spirit Bird: â€Å"She hears wings. Little hummingbirds stick their needle beaks right through her headcloth into her hair and beat their wings. And if she thinks anything, it is no.Show MoreRelated Mother-Daughter Relationship in Toni Morrisons Beloved Essay699 Words   |  3 PagesThe Mother-Daughter Relationship in Toni Morrisons Beloved In Toni Morrison novel, Beloved , the author creates a mother-daughter relationship in which the mother Sethe, out of love, murders her daughter Beloved to free and protect her from the harshness of slavery. Because of this, the baby ghost of her deceased daughter haunts her conscience and is later resurrected to further torment Sethe about her act of love. From the time she slits the throat of her infant daughter and untilRead MoreAnalysis Of Toni Morrison s Beloved1615 Words   |  7 PagesIn her novel Beloved, Toni Morrison utilizes a circular narrative to emphasize the similarities, or lack thereof, between her characters. In Philip Page’s article, â€Å"Circularity in Toni Morrison’s Beloved,† he writes, â€Å"The plot is developed through repetition and variation of one or more core-images in overlapping waves... And it is developed through... the spiraling reiteration of larger, mythical acts such as birth, death, rebirth, quest-journeys, and the formation and disintegration of families†Read MoreToni Morrison s Beloved : Cycle Of Claim1007 Words   |  5 PagesCycle of Claim in Toni Morrison’s Beloved Toni Morrison’s Beloved centers around the repercussions of slavery. The novel reveals that the memories of enslavement, particularly the denial of them, effect life even after slavery is abolished. The black community is unwilling to accept their past, causing them to lack self identities. Even after escaping a life of bondage, the characters are forever trapped in the external world of slavery. As Sethe says on page 95, â€Å"Freeing yourself was one thing;Read MoreAnalysis Of Toni Morrison s Beloved 1310 Words   |  6 PagesMommy Issues: A â€Å"Beloved† Response Essay Late in 1987, after being inspired by a fellow story of a female fugitive slave, Toni Morrison pens a novel about a runaway slave and her children. Although Morrison’s â€Å"Beloved† quickly became a best-seller, and even has a movie adaption, it still left the audience with many unanswered questions. This novel not only gave a voice to those who were often silenced in the male stories of slavery, but it also perfectly exemplified the relationship was between theRead MoreToni Morrison s Beloved, The Bond Between A Mother And Daughter1540 Words   |  7 Pagesallowing for a more intimate connection with the family. Nevertheless, terrible events can blur this concept between being healthy or dangerous. In Beloved, by Toni Morrison, the bond between a mother and daughter is a strong, unbreakable force, like in any family. However, that doesn’t guarantee that it will always be good; it can also be a toxic relationship that slowly kills one or both partners of th e bond mentally and physically. Everyone wishes to be loved or have affection displayed towards themRead MoreEssay about The Association of Maternal Bonds and Identity in Beloved1583 Words   |  7 PagesToni Morrison’s novel, Beloved, is a â€Å"haunting stray of a mother’s love that frames a series of irrelated love stories by multiple narrators† (Bell 61). The main character Sethe is a mother who fails to realize her children’s needs. She attempts to protect her children from the community amongst many other dangers such as slavery and love, however ultimately isolating them. Sethe’s character as well as actions confirms the â€Å"struggle and psychological trauma of slavery† (Napierkowski 35) from whichRead MoreToni Morrisons Beloved Essay868 Words   |  4 Pagessubstantial damage to a person’s psychological development. Linda Krumholz in the African American Review claims the book Beloved by Toni Morrison aids the nation in the recovery from our traumatic hi story that is blemished with unfortunate occurrences like slavery and intolerance. While this grand effect may be true, one thing that is absolute is the lesson this book preaches. Morrison’s basic message she wanted the reader to recognize is that life happens, people get hurt, but to let the negative experiencesRead MoreToni Morrison s Beloved Are All Too Familiar With Inequality1285 Words   |  6 Pagescharacters in Nobel Prize winner Toni Morrison’s novel Beloved are all too familiar with inequality. Beloved is set after the American Civil War. Sethe, a runaway slave, begins on the journey to escape Kentucky’s slavery, and arrives in the free city of Cincinnati, Ohio. Confronted by slave-catchers, she murders her third born to protect it from a fate Sethe considers worse than death: slavery. The spirit of the dead daughter haunts the house in which Sethe, her mother-in-law Baby Suggs, and the remainingRead MoreToni Morrison s Beloved And The Ghosts Of Slav ery : Historical Recovery1691 Words   |  7 Pages In the novel Beloved, Toni Morrison develops character Beloved as an allegorical figure to embody slavery’s horrific past and the lasting impact that unresolved past trauma has upon the present. Morrison develops the character Beloved to represent all the unremembered and untold stories of slavery and to further the message that we must maintain a collective memory of slavery in order to pursue a hopeful future. Morrison develops Beloved as a character through her interactions with other charactersRead More Comparing the Role of the Ghost in Morrisons Beloved and Kingstons No Name Woman972 Words   |  4 PagesThe Symbolic Role of the Ghost in Morrisons Beloved and Kingstons No Name Woman The eponymous ghosts which haunt Toni Morrisons Beloved and Maxine Hong Kingstons No Name Woman (excerpted from The Woman Warrior) embody the consequence of transgressing societal boundaries through adultery and murder. While the wider thematic concerns of both books differ, however both authors use the ghost figure to represent a repressed historical past that is awakened in their narrative retelling of the

Hispanic Marketing Communication Free Essays

Welcome to Hispanic Marketing Communication. This is a unique course part of an interdisciplinary Graduate Certificate Program and an Undergraduate Minor at FSU. It is also part of a larger effort called â€Å"The FSU Center for Hispanic Marketing Communication,† the only one of its kind in the US. We will write a custom essay sample on Hispanic Marketing Communication or any similar topic only for you Order Now The intended participants for this course are students who intend to be professionally involved in serving the US Hispanic market as marketers, service providers, advertisers, and/or advertising strategy developers. This course allows the student to place him/herself among the few professionals in the US that understand the US Hispanic market. It should be clear that your proactive participation in this course will determine the extent to which you will benefit from the knowledge and practice that the course offers. Many product and service providers, and their ad agencies, in the US are actively pursuing the Hispanic market.There are many employment opportunities for those who can show competence in addressing the needs and wants of US Hispanics. FORMAT:   The course is designed for active participation. The discussion forums can be used to discuss any questions, comments and observations that students want to make related to the weekly topic or Hispanic Marketing Communication in general. Each student is expected to participate in meaningful discussions throughout the semester that indicate knowledge of the assigned material. In addition, the course will consist of weekly readings, power point presentations, papers, and/or discussion topics.The â€Å"Library† on Blackboard will be used to make many class materials available. TEXTS: The following text is REQUIRED: 1) Hispanic Marketing: A Cultural Perspective by Felipe Korzenny, Betty Ann Korzenny (2005). Publisher Butterworth-Heinemann- Elsevier. You can find this book at the university bookstore or on Amazon. com. Please make sure you have the text by the second week of class. In addition, a list of recommended readings will be posted on the course website. OBJECTIVES: At the end of the semester the student will be able to: Describe the US Hispanic market according to its salient characteristics †¢ Enumerate the factors that make the Hispanic market different from other culturally unique markets †¢ Understand the dynamics that influence the uniqueness of the market †¢ Interpret Hispanic cultural patterns in a marketing framework †¢ Identify strategic elements that enhance the communication between the marketer and the Hispanic consumer. †¢ Analyze and create segmentation approaches for reaching the Hispanic market †¢ Understand measurement and other methodological issues that influence how Hispanic marketing research should be conducted †¢Conduct a Hispanic marketing study to guide a marketing strategy †¢ Generate a marketing strategy based on an understanding of the Hispanic market and its segments †¢ Generate positioning statements that will meet with success in the US Hispanic market †¢ Generate an advertising execution for the Hispanic market †¢ Address ethical issues in Hispanic and culturally based market COURSE SCHEDULE, TOPICS, AND ASSIGNMENTS *The instructor has the right to change the syllabus. WEEK |TOPICS | |Week 1 |Introduction to the course | |May 10 |†¢ Course organization | | |†¢ Icebreakers/Introductions | |Week 2 |Hispanic Marketing: A Cultural Perspective, Chapter 1 | |May 17 | | | |The Role of Culture in Cross–Cultural Marketing | | |The import ance of culture in marketing | | |Culture | | |Why a cultural approach to marketing? | | |A psycho-socio-cultural approach | | |The paradox of social class across cultures | | |Shared perceptions, motivations, beliefs and values | | |It is not a race | | |A common heritage | | |A common language | |Media facilitates specific targeting | | |Geographic concentration | | |A cultural perspective makes the difference | |Week 3 |Hispanic Marketing: A Cultural Perspective, Chapter 2 | |May 24 | | | |Characteristics of the Hispanic Market | | |Demographic profile | | |Geographic profile | | |Economic profile | | |Ethnic profile | | |Cultural and Historical origins and backgrounds | | |Immigration to the US and its impact on the US Hispanic market | |Week 4 |Hispanic Marketing: A Cultural Perspective, Chapter 3 | |May 31 | | | |What makes Hispanics Hispanic? | | |The issue of self identification | | |Reference groups and Hispanic self identification | | |Hispanic vs. Latino vs. specific coun try of origin | | |Labels and their implications | | |How do Hispanics think of themselves? |Week 5 |Hispanic Marketing: A Cultural Perspective, Chapter 4 | |June 7 | | | |Language and culture. Code switching, Spanglish. The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis. | | | | | |What do Hispanics speak? | | |The issues of Code Switching | | |The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis as it relates to the importance of language use | | |Purism vs. ragmatism in language usage | | |The overlap between language and culture | | | | |Week 6 |Hispanic Marketing: A Cultural Perspective, Chapter 5 | |June 14 | | | |Enculturation, acculturation, segmentation, stereotypes, assimilation. | |Cultural acquisition | | |Acquisition of a second culture | | |Abandonment of the first culture in favor of a second culture | | |One-dimensional models of acculturation | | |Multidimensional models of acculturation | | |Acculturation segmentation | | |Acculturation by life-stage segmentation | | |A multicultural future? | | |The impact of stereotypes and auto-stereotypes on acculturation, self-esteem, and consumer | | |behavior | |Week 7 |HispanicMarketing: A Cultural Perspective, Chapter 6 | |June 21 | | | |Cultural archetypes and dimensions | | |Monochronism | | |Monomorphic and polymorphic leadership | | |Individualism and collectivism | | |Androgyny | | |Cultural attributions | | |Cultural perception of: | | |Money | | |Home | | |Debt | | |Happi ness | | |Death | | |Parent-Child relationships | | |Religion | | |Relationship with nature | | |Position in the cosmos | | |Guilt vs. Shame | | |Gender relationships and expectations | | |Food and hunger | | |Hot and cold | | |Morning, day and night | |Machismo and Marianismo | | |Child centeredness | | |Health remedies and medicine | |Week 8 |Hispanic Marketing: A Cultural Perspective, Chapter 6 | |June 28 | | | |Cultural archetypes and dimensions, continued | |Week 9 |Hispanic Marketing: A Cultural Perspective, Chapter 7 | |July 5 | | | |Culturally Informed Strategy Based on Grounded Research | | |The Cultural Research Paradox | | |The Paradox of Linguistic Equivalence | | |Cultural bias and standardization | | |Use of scales | | |Choice of data collection approaches | | |Qualitative approaches | | |Quantitative approaches | | |The Account Planner | |Week 10 |Hispanic Marketing: A Cultural Perspective, Chapter 8 | |July 12 | | | |U. S. Hispanic Media Environment and Strategy | | |Television | | |Radio | | |Print | |The Movie Theater | | |The Internet | | |Grassroots, Networks, Promotions | | |A new way of thinking | |Week 11 |Hispanic Marketing: A Cultural Perspective, Chapter 9 | |July 19 | | | |The Evolution of Hispanic Marketing | | |The origin of a market | | |The story of the Hispanic market | |Week 12 |Hispanic Marketing: A Cultural Perspective, Chapter 10 | |July 26 | | | |The Future | | |Size and futurism | | |Removing obstacles | | |Lifestyle and economic borders replace national borders | | |The right and the wrong-ethics in Hispanic Marketing | |Week 13 |Final Projects due Monday, August 2nd, before midnight EST. Late projects will not be accepted. | |August 2 | |Assignments: Each week, students will check the course website for the topic to be covered, the learning objectives to be achieved, and the homework assignment along with instructors’ notes about the assigned reading. Any assignments or questions that are part of an assignment will be posted on Monday by 5:00 p. m. E. T. All assignments are due on Sunday by midnight E. T. Written assignments and papers should be submitted via the appropriate link on blackboard or discussion board thread and should NOT be sent to the instructor as email attachments. Assignments will usually take the form of short written papers or power point presentations. Each assignment is worth 10 points. Discussion Board: A percentage of your grade is based on your posts on the Discussion Boards.If you are required to post on the discussion board, it will be clearly indicated in that week’s assignment. You must post at least twice to each discussion board, unless otherwise specified in the discussion board assignment. One post should be your response to the questions posed in the discussion board. The other post should be a thoughtful response to another student’s post. In order to receive credit, you must post your response to the posted discussion board questions by Thursday at midnight ET. In addition, you must post a response to another student’s post by Sunday at midnight ET. Your grade on the discussion board is based on participation.Each discussion board assignment is worth 10 points. However, in order to receive full credit for these posts, you must fulfill some basic requirements: – Posts should be a minimum of 150 words – Posts should be relevant to the topic being discussed, but should also attempt to introduce a new point of view or piece of information or otherwise further the discussion – Posts should use correct grammar, punctuation and vocabulary appropriate for a university-level course. Misuse of the discussion boards will not be tolerated. Final Project: Individual students will prepare a 10 – 15 page paper (excluding tables and exhibits). You have two options.Students (especially professional students) are encouraged to choose a final project which is relevant to their own field of expertise and interest. Students should begin research and planning for their final projects as soon as possible. The instructor and mentors are available to help you find resources, guide your research, etc. Please remember the wealth of resources available through the course library and the FSU library online databases. Notes that apply to all documents: -Should be typed in Serif 12 point font (Times, Arial, Century, etc. ) double-spaced with one-inch margins -Should have table of contents -Should have a cover page with the project’s and student’s information -Each section should have a subtitle to identify it All appendices should be included at the end of the document with adequate reference to them in the body of the paper -References cited page should be included, in APA format Option A) A strategy document on how to ma rket a specific product to a specific target in the US Hispanic market. The paper will include: 10 points for each of the following bullet points (points will be deducted for going far under the page requirement, not backing up arguments with relevant research, etc. ) a. Definition of the problem including product and competitive environment (2 pages) b. Statement of the marketing objectives (1 page) c. Target segment and its justification (1 – 2 pages) d. Identification of media resources and strategy (2 – 3 pages) e.Positioning and message strategy based on consumer insights, part of which could be from personal interviews (2 – 3 pages) f. Test of message and media approaches, which could be based on focus groups, personal interviews, etc (2 – 3 pages) g. Guidelines for implementation (1 – 2 pages) h. Suggestions for the evaluation of effectiveness (1 – 2 pages) 10 points for grammar, punctuation, style, etc. 10 points for correct citation of sources TOTAL: 100 points Option B) Students may also choose to create a state of the art paper on a specific marketing vertical. Examples of past vertical reports are posted in the course library. Suggested verticals: †¢ Automotive †¢ Financial Services †¢ Telecommunications †¢ Pharmaceuticals †¢ Heath Care †¢ Packaged Goods Travel and Hospitality Each paper is expected to have the following sections: 20 points for each of the following bullet points (points will be deducted for going far under the page requirement, not backing up arguments with relevant research, etc. ) a. Introduction and importance of the vertical chosen (1 – 2 pages) b. Review of the relevant trade and academic literature (4 – 5 pages) c. Main trends and findings under descriptive headings (4 –5 pages) d. Conclusions and recommendations (1 – 2 pages) 10 points for grammar, punctuation, style, etc. 10 points for correct citation of sources TOTAL: 100 points EVALUATION Assignments 30% Discussion board posts 30%Final Project25% Participation 15% Late assignments and discussion board posts will be penalized 20% per day. The grading scale is as follows: |A |94-100 |B- |80-82 |D+ |67-69 | |A- |90-93 |C+ |77-79 |D |60-66 | |B+ |87-89 |C |73-76 |D- |60-62 | |B |83-86 |C- |70-72 |F | How to cite Hispanic Marketing Communication, Papers

Galsworthy free essay sample

This novel is the last volume of the Forsyte Saga. It marks both the end of the first stage in the development of the Forsytes and the beginning of the second, post-war stage in the chronicles of their doings. That final stage is the subject of Galsworthys second trilogy, the Modern Comedy, where the younger generation of the Forsytes are depicted against the background of Englands post-war decay. In the following extract the novelist holds up to ridicule the decadence of modem art. He puts his ideas into the mouth of Soames Forsyte whom he formerly satirized as the man of property. Soamess scornful bewilderment at sight of Expressionist paintings renders to a certain degree the feelings of the novelist himself. CHAPTER I Encounter Arriving at the Gallery off Cork Street, however, he paid his shilling, picked up a catalogue, and entered. Some ten persons were prowling round. We will write a custom essay sample on Galsworthy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Soames took steps and came on what looked to him like a lamp-post bent by collision with a motor omnibus. It was advanced some three paces from the wall, and was described in his catalogue as Jupiter. He examined it with curiosity, having recently turned some of his attention to sculpture. If thats Jupiter, he thought, I wonder what Junos like. And suddenly he saw her, opposite. She appeared to him like nothing so much as a pump with two handles, lightly clad in snow. He was still gazing at her, when two of the prowlers halted on his left. Epatant[1] be heard one say. Jargon! growled Soames to himself. The other boyish voice replied: Missed it,[2] old bean;[3] hes pulling your leg. When Jove and Juno created he them,[4] he was saying: â€Å"I’ll see how much these fools will swallow†. And they’ve lapped up a lot. †[5] â€Å"You young duffer[6]! Vospovitch is an innovator. Don’t you see that he’s brought satire into sculpture? The future of plastic art, of music, painting, and even architecture, has set in satiric. It was bound to. People are tired – the bottom’s tumbled out of sentiment. † â€Å"Well, I’m quite equal to taking a little interest in beauty. I was through the war. You’ve dropped your handkerchief, sir. † Soames saw a handkerchief held out in front of him. He took it with some natural suspicion, and approached it to his nose. It had the right sent – of distant Eau de Cologne – and his initials in a corner. Slightly reassured, he raised his eyes to the young man’s face. It had rather fawn-like ears, a laughing mouth, with half a toothbrush growing out of it on each side, and small lively eyes above a normally dressed appearance. â€Å"Thank you,† he said; and moved by a sort of irritation, added: â€Å"Glad to hear you like beauty; that’s rare, nowadays. † â€Å"I dote on it,† said the young man; â€Å"but you and I are the last of the old guard, sir. † Soames smiled. If you really care for pictures,† he said, â€Å"here’s my card. I can show you some quite good ones any Sunday, if you’re down the river and care to look in. † â€Å"Awfully nice of you, sir. I’ll drop in like a bird[7]. My name’s Mont – Michael. † And he took off his hat. Soames, already regretting his impulse, raised his own sligh tly in response, with a downward look at the young man’s companion, who had a purple tie, dreadful little sluglike whiskers, and a scornful look – as if he were a poet! It was the first indiscretion he had committed for so long that he went and sat down in an alcove. What had possessed him to give his card to a rackety[8] young fellow, who went about with a thing like that? And Fleur, always at the back of his thoughts, started out like a filigree figure from a clock when the hour strikes. On the screen opposite the alcove was a large canvas with a great many square tomato-coloured blobs on it, and nothing else, so far as Soames could see from where he sat. He looked at his catalogue: No. 32 — The Future Town — Paul Post. I suppose thats satiric too, he thought. What a thing! But his second impulse was more cautious. It did not do to condemn hurriedly. There had been those stripey, streaky creations of Monets[9], which had turned out such trumps; and then the stippled school,[10] and Gauguin* [11]. Why, even since the Post-Impressionists[12] there had been one or two painters not to be sneezed at. During the thirty-eight years of his connoisseurs life, indeed, he had marked so many movements, seen the tides of taste and technique so ebb and flow, that there was really no telling anything except that there was money to be made out of every change of fashion. This too might quite well be a case where one must subdue primordial instinct, or lose the market. He got up and stood before the picture, trying hard to see it with the eyes of other people. Above the tomato blobs was what he took to be a sunset, till some one passing said: Hes got the airplanes wonderfully, dont you think! Below the tomato blobs was a band of white with vertical black stripes, to which he could assign no meaning whatever, till some one else came by, murmuring: What expression he gets with his foreground! Expression? Of what? Soames went back to his seat. The thing was rich, as his father would have said, and he wouldnt give a damn for it.

Oscar Wilde Biography

Romeo and Juliet Assignment Essays

Romeo and Juliet Assignment Essays Romeo and Juliet Assignment Essay Romeo and Juliet Assignment Essay I have been asked to write an assignment on Romeo and Juliet a play written by William Shakespeare around 1600 and still one of the most popular Romantic-Tragedies performed in theatre today.I have chosen Juliet because I believe she is an interesting character and she has a subtly split personality or conflict of loyalties, which I find interesting and which I feel a lot of teenagers today might identify with.I have to chosen to look in detail at the whole of Act 3 Scene 5 after line 59, when Romeo has left.JULIETArt thou gone so? Love, lord, ay, husband, friend!I must hear from thee every day in the hour,For in a minute there are many days:O, by this count I shall be much in yearsEre I again behold my Romeo!ROMEOFarewell!I will omit no opportunityThat may convey my greetings, love, to thee.JULIETO thinkst thou we shall ever meet again?ROMEOI doubt it not; and all these woes shall serveFor sweet discourses in our time to come.JULIETO God, I have an ill-divining soul!Methinks I see thee, now thou art below,As one dead in the bottom of a tomb:Either my eyesight fails, or thou lookst pale.ROMEOAnd trust me, love, in my eye so do you:Dry sorrow drinks our blood. Adieu, adieu!The contrast of joy over time with Romeo followed by sadness at their parting means that Juliet is already in a heightened emotional state before the news comes which is to cause her to oppose her parents will for the first time ever. This scene is vital to understand Juliets changing character.JULIETAy, madam, from the reach of these my hands:Would none but I might venge my cousins death!LADY CAPULETWe will have vengeance for it, fear thou not:Then weep no more. Ill send to one in Mantua,Where that same banishd runagate doth live,Shall give him such an unaccustomd dram,That he shall soon keep Tybalt company:And then, I hope, thou wilt be satisfied.JULIETIndeed, I never shall be satisfiedWith Romeo, till I behold himdeadIs my poor heart for a kinsman vexd.Madam, if you could find out but a ma nTo bear a poison, I would temper it;That Romeo should, upon receipt thereof,Soon sleep in quiet. O, how my heart abhorsTo hear him named, and cannot come to him.To wreak the love I bore my cousinUpon his body that slaughterd him!The scene takes place in Juliets bedroom. Her mother enters soon after line 64, immediately after Romeo leaves. Capulets wife asks Juliet how she is and asks if shes missing her cousin Tybalt (who recently was killed by Romeo) Previously, Capulet and his wife discussed bringing forward Juliets wedding to Paris to the next Thursday as Juliet had been extremely emotional since the death of Tybalt.JULIETMadam, in happy time, what day is that?LADY CAPULETMarry, my child, early next Thursday morn,The gallant, young and noble gentleman,The County Paris, at Saint Peters Church,Shall happily make thee there a joyful bride.Juliet becomes very anxious regarding this and when her father enters with the Nurse (around line 122) an argument between Juliet and her father ensues.JULIETNot proud, you have; but thankful, that you have:Proud can I never be of what I hate;But thankful even for hate, that is meant love.CAPULETHow now, how now, chop-logic! What is this?Proud, and I thank you, and I thank you not;And yet not proud, mistress minion, you,Thank me no thankings, nor, proud me no prouds,But fettle your fine joints gainst Thursday next,To go with Paris to Saint Peters Church,Or I will drag thee on a hurdle thither.Out, you green-sickness carrion! out, you baggage!You tallow-face!LADY CAPULETFie, fie! what, are you mad?Hang thee, young baggage, disobedient wretch! I tell thee what: get thee to church o Thurday, or never look me in the face.Juliet then seeks support from her mother, who refuses to speak to her:Talk not to me, for Ill not speak a word. Do as thou wilt, for I have done with thee. (Line 202)When her mother and father have left, Juliet then turns to the Nurse for support.JULIETO God!O nurse, how shall this be prevented?My husband is on earth, my faith in heaven;How shall that faith return again to earth,Unless that husband send it me from heavenBy leaving earth? comfort me, counsel me.Alack, alack, that heaven should practise stratagemsUpon so soft a subject as myself!What sayst thou? hast thou not a word of joy?Some comfort, nurse.NurseFaith, here it is.Romeo is banishd; and all the world to nothing,That he dares neer come back to challenge you;Or, if he do, it needs must be by stealth.Then, since the case so stands as now it doth,I think it best you married with the county.O, hes a lovely gentleman!Romeos a dishclout to him: an eagle, madam,Hath not so green, so quick, so fair an eyeAs Paris hath. Beshrew my very heart,I think you are happy in this second match,For it excels your first: or if it did not,Your first is dead; or twere as good he were,As living here and you no use of him.JULIETSpeakest thou from thy heart?NurseAnd from my soul too;Or else beshrew them both.The Nurse has been a de facto mother to Ju liet and far closer to her than her real mother. She knows about the marriage to Romeo but she encourages her to forget Romeo and seek happiness with her second love (Paris)Romeos a dish clout to him, An eagle madam, Hath no green so quick, so fair an eye As Paris hath. Besrew my very heart, I think you are happy in this second match, for it excels your first; or if it did not, Your first is dead, or twere as good he were As living hence and you no use of thy heart?Juliet realises she has no support from those around her, so she holds back her feelings and calmly tells the Nurse shell do as she says. She instructs the Nurse to inform her mother she is gone to confession, having angered my father. However, the scene ends with Juliet contemplating her own death if the Friar will not help or support her:If all else fail, myself have power to die.The scene is important to the play because her parents place greater pressure on Juliet to marry Paris than she anticipated and based on a tim e-scale which means that the plan for time to heal before reconciliation takes place cannot now happen. Up to this point, Juliet imagined that she had two years or so before having to deal with her fathers marriage plans. Now she finds that she has two days. This makes her anxious and so she challenges her parents. This unexpected response to what was intended as a caring act makes them feel angry and they see her as being wilful, selfish and disobedient.JULIETO, bid me leap, rather than marry Paris,From off the battlements of yonder tower;Or walk in thievish ways; or bid me lurkWhere serpents are; chain me with roaring bears;Or shut me nightly in a charnel-house,Oer-coverd quite with dead mens rattling bones,With reeky shanks and yellow chapless skulls;Or bid me go into a new-made graveAnd hide me with a dead man in his shroud;Things that, to hear them told, have made me tremble;And I will do it without fear or doubt,To live an unstaind wife to my sweet love.That she is willing to challenge her parents in an age when children were seen and not heard and when girls were thought of as property, also demonstrates how much Juliet loves Romeo. She loves him so much so much that she will challenge her parents, her Nurse and her Friar, even to the point of death if she has to. She is therefore, for the first time in her life, all on her own and unsupported, but strengthened by the power of her love.Romeo is present in the first part of the scene but leaves before Capulet, his wife and nurse arrive. Juliet is the only character to remain on stage throughout the entire scene. Juliet is the daughter of Capulet and Lady Capulet and Nurse has been her wet nurse and nanny since Juliets birth.Capulet represents authority and the older generation. He is motivated to make Juliet happy by marrying her to a successful young man (Paris). However, he is also motivated by increasing the power and influence this marriage will create for his family and his line. He may have been un usual in Shakespeares time to have cared so much about Juliets feelings, but as head of the house he had a duty to ensure that it kept its influence. His anger is complex. He is angry having got such a good match for Juliet only to have her reject his efforts; he is angry because if she refuses to marry Paris the whole town will know that he cannot control his daughter; and he is angry because he puts her refusal down to over-reacting to the death of Tybalt.Lady Capulet does not have the depth of relationship with Juliet that the Nurse has with her, therefore, she finds it difficult to reason with Juliet when Juliet rejects Paris and all he stands for;Do as thou wilt, for I have done with thee.This reflects the familial relationships of the age in which Shakespeare wrote. The bringing up of children was left to servants whilst the Lady of the house ran the social side of the family to ensure that they had the right friends and contacts.The Nurse has torn loyalties as she knows the d epth of feelings Juliet has for Romeo. However, she is also employed by the Capulets and has responsibilities to the family name. To the audience of the time her pragmatic attitude to love would be perfectly sensible. She comes from a class that has to work hard all of their lives and is always at the mercy of the rich and powerful. If she offends Capulet she will lose her position and her home and her security for her old age. To her, love is a means of achieving security she cannot afford the romantic notion which governs Romeo and Juliet.In my production, I would use a modern, typical teenage bedroom; walls filled with pop idols and untidy surroundings. Juliet is wearing jeans and a rugby top with trainers. She has long blond curly hair scrunched up in a bun method.The scene would be set in a detached country house in Stalybridge and Juliet is dressed appropriately to show she is a teenager living in the 21st century. Lady Capulet is dressed in a smart, well fitted suit with cou rt shoe, a flicked up highlighted bob hairstyle and perfect make-up. She has an orange glow to show she frequently uses sun beds. She has a manicurist and so has beautiful nails. This is to show Lady Capulet is a superior character who can be self confident and self seeking.The Nurse is wearing a tracksuit and trainers (homely and practical) She is older than Juliet; of an age with her parents.Capulet is wearing a businessmans suit without any distinguishing features. Romeo is wearing a basketball top, shorts and trainers. This shows their upper-middle class wealth. The scene is obviously set in Juliets bedroom.To make the scene more effective to the audience I will use music where appropriate (i.e. strident, fast music in the background while theyre arguing) Ill have the cameras cutting quickly between the characters when Capulet, Lady Capulet and the Nurse enter and slowly zoom in when the argument between Juliet and Capulet erupts. The language would be filled with an angry tone from her father, a flustered and upset tone from Juliet, concern from the Nurse and tired exasperation from her mum.The scene will begin with a wide camera shot of the whole room; it will slowly focus on Juliets face to the exclusion of everyone else. This reflects the message of the scene she has Romeo, but then loses him. Her mother begins to act supportively (asking how shes feeling) but leaves stating she doesnt want to speak to her anymore. Her father begins by shouting at her, in a bullying manner. Nurse, Juliets closest ally, is quiet for most of the scene and ends telling her to forget Romeo. Juliet feels trapped, alone, desperate and suicidal.When Capulet leaves the cameras will zoom in to a close up on Juliet and her tear tracked face, red eyes and flustered expression. After a short while focusing on the tears in Juliets eyes, the light goes darker and darker until the screen is black. This shows the dramatic ending to the scene, showing Juliets end emotions. The dark ro om at the end reflects the sadness and leaves viewers with sadness and strong feelings towards the couple. The conclusion to the play should be sad and important to the plays structure. It will leave people wondering and thinking, instead of leaving and forgetting the plot.If it were filmed in this way, the effect of the scene would be to bring out the idea that Capulet was too harsh towards Juliet and maybe the mum and Nurse could have been nicer. The key moment can be shown by Juliet looking upset and angry towards the end of the scene. The scene would show Juliets feelings in more depth and her dads reaction when he tells her his plans. This makes a huge gap between the generations.For me, the key message of this scene is the helplessness Juliet feels. Her family have always provided for her in every way but since meeting, and falling in love with Romeo, her world has been turned upside down. Her cousin has been killed by her husband, her family hate his family, her family dont k now shes married. She feels they are forcing her to marry someone else, and Romeo has been banished: completely alone and desperate, she considers suicide. Her only remaining hope is to turn to Friar Lawrence.In Shakespeares own time it was more common for wealthy families to organise proposals of marriage, like that between Juliet and Paris. In my scene, in Stalybridge 2004, the pressure of the family is more subtle as Juliet, in todays time, would like to marry for love but the family still want her to marry a successful man. Today (2004) Juliet would want to co-habit with her boyfriend Romeo rather than marry the professional Paris. The feud between the families prevents any possibility of this.

Jew, Christian, Muslim Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Jew, Christian, Muslim - Essay Example The scriptures believed to be sacred have people in them whom adherents of these religions can relate to. In fact, the three can also be called Abrahamic religions because they center the origin of their faith in Abraham, a man believed to be holy and who made a covenant with God to follow Him. The story of Abraham is common among the three religions. Christianity somewhat evolved from Judaism, with Jesus being seen as the Son of God, and not coming with a new scripture but with deeds to be emulated. Works of early Christians are recorded in Acts of Apostles, a book found in the New Testament of the Christian scriptures, even though Christianity is highly based on deeds rather than words. In terms of traditions, Christian traditions can be traced to Judaism. The only difference comes in with and after the life of Jesus. Jews and Islam mostly have law codes that are strictly followed. They both have dietary restrictions, especially when eating meat. Some animals are considered unholy to consume. They also believe in living in bands or communities. Muslims invoke their God almost every time while Jews never mention His name. Education among the Muslims is mainly considered a thing for the males. The girls hardly go beyond primary school. Boys, on the other hand, go to Madras classes to improve their understanding of the scripture they memorized in primary school. All religions believe in charity for individual spiritual growth and benefit and also in purity before prayer. Jews wash their hands while Muslims smear water over parts of their bodies before engaging in prayer. In Islam, the mingling of the sexes is considered as something that threatens the social order and is extremely restricted, with strict regulations whenever it occurs. Some of these regulations include dressing, especially for the women. They must not show their faces,

LEADERSHIP Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

LEADERSHIP - Essay Example However, this theory was reformulated, leading to the inclusion of leader behaviors, employee characteristics and leadership effectiveness. These two situational leadership theories can be actually applied in an organization as they both combined styles and actual situations together. For this reason, there is an inclusion of what could probably motivate an employee which can be generally understood from the actual prevailing situations. Combining these theories or leadership styles can somehow be effectively used in expanding the level of influence a leader must possess in an organization or team. For this reason, these leadership styles are actually helpful in maintaining the idea about human resource motivation. In case of motivating the team, so as to increase the level of influence of a leader, either one of these leadership styles could be applied within an organization. By employing higher understanding of the situation in an organization and knowing the human resource’s actual needs that could motivate them, these two situational leadership could be entirely applied. â€Å"Women cannot lead because they do no come from a basis of power. And, when they are put in a leadership position, they overcompensate by requiring impossible actions from their subordinates and being very autocratic.† Analyze this quote and provide your thoughts. I think there is something wrong with this quote as it tries to emphasize leadership to be primarily fueled by power. In this case, a woman is assumed less powerful than a man, making her less effective in leadership activity. There is a wrong conception of leadership in this case because in the first place, it is not about power, but influence (Kreitner & Kinicki, 2010). The other point is that there is another presumption about the capacity of women to lead in a team, which is

Apoptosis And Inhibitor of apoptosis proteins Family: A

Apoptosis And Inhibitor of apoptosis proteins Family: A   Background Apoptosis is an orchestrated biological cellular process that occurs in physiological and pathological conditions(1). It is essential for regulating development, homeostasis, and immune-system function in organisms(2). In mammalian cells, apoptosis is mediated by a family of cysteine proteases named caspases which are initially expressed in cells as inactive procaspase precursors and are activated by two pathways, the extrinsic ( or death receptor) and intrinsic (or mitochondrial) apoptotic pathways(1). The extrinsic pathway is activated by the binding of ligands such as Fas ligand (FasL) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) to death receptors on the cell surface, FAS and the TNF receptor (TNFR), respectively, which leads to the formation of the death-induced signalling complex (DISC)(3)(4). DISC recruits caspase-8 and promotes the cascade of procaspase activation that follows(5). The intrinsic pathway is triggered by extracellular and intracellular stresses, such as high cytosolic [ca+2 ], hypoxia, severe oxidative stress, DNA damage(5), which results in the permeabilization of the outer mitochondrial membrane, the release of pro-apoptotic molecules such as cytochrome C and others into the cytoplasm(6), the formation of the apoptosome- a large protein complex that is made up of cytochrome C, apoptotic protease activating factor 1 (APAF1) and caspase-9 and caspase activation(7). On the other hand, cell death is also modified by other mitochondrial proteins such as apoptosis-inducing factor(AIF), second mitochondria- derived activator of caspase (Smac), direct IAP Binding protein with low PI (DIABLO)   and Omi/high temperature requirement protein A (Htr A2)(7). Smac/ DIABLO or Omi/HtrA2 induces cell death independently of caspase activation by counteracting inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP)- mediated caspase inhibition(7)(8)( Fig. 1). The upstream caspase for the intrinsic pathway is caspase 9, while that of the extrinsic pathway is caspase 8. The intrinsic and extrinsic pathways cleave the precursor forms of effector caspases, such ascaspase-3, caspase-6 and caspase-7(9). Activated effector caspases cleave many vital cellular proteins such as protein kinases, cytoskeletal proteins, DNA repair proteins and inhibitory subunits of endonucleases family and break up the nuclear scaffold and cytoskeleton(9). They also activate DNAase, that further degrade nuclear DNA(10), which together contribute to the typical morphological changes in apoptosis. Dysregulation of apoptosis has been implicated in numerous pathological conditions, including cancer(1). Besides, targeting the apoptotic pathways for cancer treatment is supported by several findings emphasizing the role of aberrant apoptosis in tumorigenesis and also resistance to anticancer treatment. Evasion from apoptosis is critical for tumor growth and a hallmark of cancer(11). One of the mechanisms by which evasion of apoptosis occurs is   disrupted balance of pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins(1). A delicate balance between pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic mechanisms determines whether a cell death signal can activate the apoptotic program. It is not the absolute quantity but rather the ratio of these pro-and anti-apoptotic proteins that controls the regulation of cell death. In this balance, pro-apoptotic proteins activate apoptosis and anti-apoptotic proteins inhibit apoptosis(12)(13). Inhibitors of apoptosis protein (IAPs)   are important members of the anti-ap optotic family of proteins that can inhibit   caspase activation and play a key role in regulating of apoptosis in many species(1). Inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs): The inhibitor of apoptosis proteins are a group of structurally and functionally similar proteins that regulate programmed cell death, cytokinesis and signal transduction(14). The   IAP gene is 1.6 kb in size encoding a 31 kDa protein with a zinc finger-like motif. Many IAP family members have been identified in almost all species from viruses to mammals(15). They are characterized by the baculovirus IAP repeats (BIR) domain at the N- terminus, the name of which derives from the original discovery of these apoptosis suppressors in the genome of baculoviruses(16). The BIR domain contains approximately 70 amino acids. Although the number of BIR domains varies among IAP members, each BIR domain is made up of cysteine and histidine residues in a well-defined pattern (CX2CX16HX6C)(15). IAP acts as endogenous inhibitor of caspases by binding of their conserved BIR domains to the active sites of caspases in vitro and   vivo. IAPs inhibit caspases by promoting the degradation of active caspases, or by sequestering the caspases away from their substrates(17). When IAP family members are overexpressed, cancer cells no longer proceed to apoptosis and become increasingly resistant to standard chemo- and radiation therapies(18)(19). Many studies have established a circumstantial association between IAPs and cancer. Pathological overexpression of several IAP family members has been detected in several classes of human cancers(20)(21)(22). The eight IAPs identified in humans are cIAP1, cIAP2, NAIP, Survivin, XIAP, apollon, ILP-2 and livin(23). Interestingly, many data have shown that c-IAP1, c-IAP2 and XIAP are   broadly expressed in normal cells(24)(22). In normal tissues, IAPs could have some potential physiological roles, such as the regulation of the immune system(25), the response to cell damage(25), cell survival and differentiation(26). On the other hand, it has been proven in many studies that survivin, unlike other IAPs, is prominently expressed in vast majority of neoplasms but not in differentiated normal tissues(27). Survivin has been reported to be overexpressed in various cancers including breast and lung cancer, prostate, gastric, colon, bladder and esophageal carcinomas, osteosarcomas and lymphomas(28)(29). Overexpression of survivin was also found to be significantly associated with poor prognosis and decreased survivial rates in many cancers(30)(31). Survivin: Survivin (also Called IAP 4) is a protein with a crucial role in regulating both cell division and apoptosis. It is the smallest member of the IAP family(29). Survivin, a 16.5 kDa intracellular   protein of 142 amino acid, was discovered in 1997 by Ambrosini and colleagues(32). Structurally, survivin contains a single BIR domain. This domain is essential for its anti-apoptotic activity(33). However, instead of a ring finger domain (RING) near the C-terminus shared by others members of the IAPs, survivin contains a C-terminus alpha-helical coiled-coil (CC) domain which is thought to be important for its interaction with microtubules, hence its roles in cell cycle(34)(35) In normal tissues, survivin shows cell -cycle dependent expression during cell division. Its expression increases in G2/M phase and decreases rapidly in G1(29). The regulation of survivn expression and function is complex and can occur at various levels, including transcriptional regulation, post-translational modification, and protein stability regulation(27). it is regulated by a number of factors such as: NF-nB(36), insulin-like growth factor I/mTOR(37), Ras oncogene family(38), E2F, Sp1, TCF, and heat shock protein (Hsp) 90(39)(40).   Survivin is also regulated by p53 wild type. Additionally, post-transcriptional phosphorylation has been proven to play a   regulatory role in survivin activation(41). Biologic function of survivin Survivin as an inhibitor of apoptosis The mechanism by which survivin inhibits apoptosis is still controversial. Initially, survivin and other IAPs were postulated to inhibit apoptosis directly by interfering with the function of caspase-3, caspase- 7, and caspase-9(42).   In support of this model, it was shown that survivin can interact with Smac/DIABLO physically, thus placing survivin in a central position in the dynamic balance of proapoptotic and antiapoptotic factors(43). However, Structural analyses of survivin indicated later that any effect on caspase should be indirect, as it lacks the amino acid sequence that is essential in other IAPs for caspase binding. Also, the survivin gene is highly conserved in a wide range of organisms, and all of its orthologues are involved in mitotic regulation but not in cytoprotection(44).   Studies of cells from survivin-knockout mice have cast further doubt on the existence of a direct link between survivin and apoptosis(45). Later experiments indicated that Survivin inhibits active caspase-9 but not active caspase-3 and caspase-7. And, survivin mediated inhibition of caspase-9 requires interaction and cooperation with other molecules such as   HBXIP (hepatitis B X-interacting protein)(46) and   XIAP (X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein) which also known as inhibitor of apoptosis protein 3 (IAP3)(47) (Fig. 3). Survivin also provides cytoprotection to cells through the inhibition of the AIF pathway, which is known to induce caspase-independent DNA fragmentation(48). Survivin as a promotor of mitosis The cell- cycle dependent expression of survivin in normal tissues   supports strongly its role in cell division. During mitosis, survivin acts in a narrow time window at metaphase and anaphase. It is acting as an interphase between the centromere/central spindle and the chromosomal passenger complex (CPC)(49). CPC is a hetero-tetrameric complex which localizes to different sites at different times during mitosis, and   is composed of four components:   Aurora-B Kinase (enzymatic component), Borealin/Dasra, Survivin and inner centromere protein (INCENP)(50)(51). CPC is essential for proper chromosome segregation and cytokinesis(52). Inactivation of mammalian survivin -or its orthologues in lower organisms results in cytokinesis abnormalities, particularly spindle defects(53)(54) (Fig. 3)(55). Survivin facilitating angiogenesis In addition to its roles in apoptosis and mitosis, survivin   promotes angiogenesis. it is strongly expressed in endothelial cells (EC) during   the proliferative phase of angiogenesis(56)(57) and the antisense-mediated suppression of survivin   during angiogenesis stimulates vascular regression in vitro(58). Besides, exposure of cultured vascular EC to angiogenic factors such as VEGF and bFGF result in increasing survivin expression (both mRNA and protein)(59)(60). Survivin expression In normal physiological conditions, survivin is usually expressed in   embryonic lung and fetal organs in the developmental Stages(61). The protein is also detected in mature tissues with high proliferation potential such as thymus, placenta, CD34+ stem cells and basal colonic epithelial cells(61)(62)(63). However survivin seems to be selectively expressed in transformed cells and in most human cancers. Many studies have shown that survivin, unlike other IAPs, is prominently expressed in the vast majority of neoplasms but not in the differentiated normal tissue(27). Based on detection of protein by immunohistochemistry and mRNA by polymerase chain reaction techniques, overexpression of survivin has been reported in various human malignancies including lung cancer(64), breast cancer(65)(66); stomach(67)(68), esophagus(69), liver(70)(71), ovary cancers(72), brain(73) and hematological cancers(74). Additionally, the immunological responses which detected against survivin supports its specific up-regulation in malignant cells(75)(76). Survivin protein has also been shown to induce cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL) response in   breast cancer, melanoma and chronic lymphatic leukemia patients(76). Survivin expression can be deregulated in cancer by several mechanisms, including amplification of the survivin locus on chromosome 17q25 (77), demethylation of survivin exons(78), increased promoter activity(79), and increased upstream signaling in the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase or mitogen activated protein kinase pathways(80). Overall, increased survivin expression in several malignancies is associated with cancer survival or disease recurrence, and resistance to chemotherapy or radiotherapy. In a study of 275 patients with breast cancer demonstrated that survivin was a significant prognostic factor and predicted the outcome independent of patients age, tumor size and histologic grade(81). In the case of ovarian cancers, survivin expression was correlated with poor prognostic factors such as: high histologic  grade, mutant p53, and poor histologic type(81)(82). Also, previous studies demonstrated that survivin was expressed in benign brain and pituitary tumors. Although survivin   was also present in normal pituitary tissue,   the level of the gene expression was 6-fold higher in tumors than in normal pituitary tissue(83). In a study of 222   patients who underwent radical cystectomy, survivin was expressed in 64% of bladder tumors and 94% of malignant lymph nodes, but not in normal bladder specime ns and its expression correlated with disease recurrence and disease-specific mortality(84).   Also, increased survivin expression has been associated with an unfavorable survival or disease recurrence in colorectal cancer(85), particularly in stage II disease in esophageal cancer(86), hepatocellular carcinoma(87), lung cancer(88), glioma(89), leukemia(90), and other cancer types. A   study in oral cancer demonstrated that the extent of survivin expression was negatively correlated with the degree of differentiation(91). Additionally, survivin overexpression may be a predictive factor to determine response to chemotherapy and radiotherapy in patients with bladder cancer(92), breast cancer(93), multiple myeloma(94), lung cancer(95) and lymphoma(96)(97). On other hand, patients with lower survivin expression were more responsive to preoperative chemotherapy with 5-flourouracil and cisplatin in esophageal cancer(98). It is also reported that patients with lower survivin expression in pretreatment biopsies were more responsive to radiotherapies in rectal cancer(99). While Overexpression of survivin was associated with   resistance to a taxol-based   therapy for ovarian carcinomas(100). In addition to full-length transcript (survivin (wild type)), five splice variants, which result from splicing of survivin BIRC5 gene pre-messenger RNA (mRNA), have been described: survivin-ΔEx3, survivin-3B, survivin-2ß, survivin2ÃŽ ± and survivin 3ÃŽ ± with different structure and function(101)(102)(103). Previous studies showed that an imbalance in the alternative transcript ratios may affect the cell to be resistant or sensitive to apoptosis(104). This alternative splicing of Survivin has been shown to have correlation with disease activity in various patient studies. For example, studies showed that Survivin-ΔEx3 and survivin-3B were found to be highest in tumors with advanced histological grade and were associated with poor prognosis(105)(106). On other hand, the expression of survivin-2ß was significantly higher in small tumor size and was inversely associated with axillary node positive carcinomas(106). Besides different splicing forms, immunohistochemical studies have demonstrated that survivin also localized   in distinct nuclear and cytoplasmic subcellular pools. Cytosolic Survivin is believed to act as apoptotic suppressor while nuclear Survivin is postulated to regulate cell division(29). There are conflicting data of pathological significance of nuclear Survivin.   Some Splicing studies showed that nuclear staining of survivin is associated with favorable prognosis(107), while others showed Its expression in the nuclei of tumor cells appears to be associated with unfavorable clinical outcomes(108)(109). Also, the cellular localization of Survivin isoforms   differs. while survivin-2ß   and Survivin 2a are localized in both nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments, survivin-ΔEx3 is localized in both mitochondria and nucleus(110). Additionally, Methylation and Phosphorylation are critical requirements for survivin function. Several observations show that survivin is unmethylated in cancer but may be selectively methylate  d in normal tissues with individual variations(111)(112). Methylation may play an important role in the p53 mediated suppression of survivin(113). Another critical requirement for survivin function is the phosphorylation on Thr34(114) Treatment approaches: Due to important role of Survivin in tumor cell division, apoptosis, chemo resistance and survival, survivin represents a unique target for biologic therapy in many human malignancies. Several novel experimental therapeutic strategies have been developed to block the expression or function of Survivin in tumour cells. These include immunotherapeutic approaches to induce immune response against Survivin, small molecule inhibitors/antagonists of   survivin function, and nucleic acid based approaches which interfere with Survivin gene expression(115)   such as antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), ribozymes and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs)(116). Also, Vaccine approaches such as dendritic cell based (DC) vaccines, DNA vaccines(117), peptide vaccines for Survivin have also been evaluated in preclinical or clinical studies. Survivin ASOs were first used against malignant melanoma cell lines. Transfection with the ASOs triggered spontaneous apoptosis linked to decreased endogenous survivin expression(118) . Treatment with LY2181308, a specific inhibitor of Survivin mRNA which has already entered the phase 1 trial(119). YM-155 is a novel small-molecule survivin suppressant which inhibits survivin mRNA transcription and protein expression in p53-deficient cancer cells in vitro(120). YM155 has also shown to be effective in vivo models of prostate, pancreatic, and lung cancer(120)(121). Ribozyme mediated approaches have also been evaluated for inhibition of Survivin expression. Down-regulation of human Survivin gene expression and increased apoptosis was achieved by using two hammerhead ribozymes (RZ-1, RZ-2) targeting human Survivin mRNA (122) PIQL: Success-Tolerant Query Processing in the Cloud PIQL: Success-Tolerant Query Processing in the Cloud Advanced Topics in Foundations of Databases PIQL: Success-Tolerant Query Processing in the Cloud Stavros Anastasios Iakovou Introduction In our days it is widely know that modern web applications are directly linked with databases. In addition, the number of the users is highly increas- ing through the time and as result the related databases start overloading. Furthermore, despite the fact that data indepence would be ideal for im- plemeting lithe applications developers abandoned this idea in order to avoid expensive queries. Hence, Michael Armbrust et al.[1] implemented a new declarative language called PIQL, a scale independent language. A large number of frameworks have already appeared in order to assist developers to create modern web applications. However, this plethora of websites with millions of users led to database failures due to lack of request managing. As a result, there was a demand on implementation of a new system that will control all these requests and provide efficient results to users. A few methods have introduced and one of the most popular is NoSQL. Despite the fact that NoSQL provided a high level interface, data indepen- dence created scalability problems since a large number of queries took a lot of time. This led to to several issues like performance failing and user disatisfaction as well. In order to avoid this bad situation scientists hand coded key/value implementations. On the one hand, this provided the de- sirable scalability but, on the other hand is was not easy enough for the developers to write that kind of code to parallelize their queries so as to fi achieve high scalability. Another significant issue is time consuming functions rewrites. Now, once we talked about several problems occured by queries in the next section we will discuss about PIQL. More specifically, we will present this method and give a brief summary of the implementation. In the rest of the document we will discuss about the performance of the previous imple- mentation. What is PIQL? In this section we will discuss and analyze the PIQL (PerformanceInsightful Query Language) model. One important advantage of PIQL is that intro- duced the notion of scale independency. More specifically, the model pre- serves the logical data independence. The most significant about data this technique is that performace maintains not only on small datasets but also in large as well. For this reason this is called success-tolerant since the success is for every large dataset. But why PIQL is successful? The answer is on the limitation on key/value store operations. As we previously mentioned, one goal of PIQL is to avoid issues when the database gets larger. PIQL uses static analysis in order to fi the correct number of operation in every step of the execution. Before we move to the next step of the analysis of the methodology we should mention the four queries classes. The fi one is called constant since the processing time is constant. The second one is the bounded class. More specifically this class refers to bounded data when the site becomes more popular. For instance, in case of Facebook every user has a limit of 5000 friends. The third class is called sub-linear or linear and is referring to queries that become more successfull when the data increase linearly. The last one is Super-linear where intermediate calculations are necessary for the queries. Now, once we mentioned all the necessary theoritical parts of PIQL we will discuss on its structure. Every server is directly connected with a Distributed Key/Value Store. Hence, this methodology maintains the scalability and the response time is now predictable. A significant drawback of this technique is that a specific key/value store is required so as to maintain data locality. On the other hand, this method is non-blocking and according to Chen et al.[2] can reduce memory latency. Another important benefit of PIQL is that extends the cardinality con- straint of regular direction to diff ent directions as well. More specifi , these cardinalities provide several information on its relationships. For in- stance, a Facebook user should have no more than 5000 friends. This is a very significant information since selecting the wrong number for limita- tions can lead back to the previous problems. Thinking again the Facebook limitations for the maximum number of friends on Facebook, according to Brandtzg et al.[3] a significant issue that occurs is the lack of privacy. Hence, the limitations are not only important for the performance but also for the user protection as well. In addition, the same person can create a new profit for free and add his new friends there. As a result, 5000 friends is not actually a limitation for a user and is provided in terms of privacy and performance. According to Michael Armbrust et al.[1] their algorithm for scale inde- pendent optim ization contains two phases. The fi one is reffering to stop operator insertion. In order to maintain scalability, the algorithm starts by fi a linear join ordering on the query parser. Depsite the fact that stop operator is already contained due to LIMIT which in contained in the reg- ular query, scientists have introduced data-stop operators which are pushed in lower levels in order to preserve the initial rules without the demand of  restart the whole system. Next, after fiphase 1 the second step which is called remote op- erator matching. As we previously mentioned we should ensure scalabiliy. Hence, the intermediate results are bounded. But how all these logical op- erators are mapped on remote operators? For Index Scan, that means that maximum one attribute can be affected by predicates. As for Index Foreign Key join the number of tuples after the join is less than or than the tuples of the initial plan. References [1] Armbrust, Michael, et al. PIQL: Success-tolerant query processing in the cloud. Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment 5.3 (2011): 181-192. [2] Chen, Tien-Fu, and Jean-Loup Baer. Reducing memory latency via non- blocking and prefetching caches. Vol. 27. No. 9. ACM, 1992. [3] Brandtzg, Petter Bae, Marika Lders, and Jan Hvard Skjetne. Too many Facebook friends? Content sharing and sociability versus the need for pri- vacy in social network sites. Intl. Journal of HumanComputer Interaction 26.11-12 (2010): 1006-1030.

Breaking Family Ties

Thai Ngo Barbara Estermann English 96 February 25, 2013 â€Å"Breaking Family Ties† Norman Rockwell’s â€Å"Breaking Family Ties† gives us a look into the change of the post Great Depression and World War II generation. How America itself had changed so much in the passed 25 years from the greatest economic depression to being the greatest country on earth. It also shows the heartbreaking moment of a boy preparing to leave his father and dog and be on his own for the first time.The father, tired from a life of hard works, sacrificed everything so that his son can go to college; the young man, representing the post Great Depression and World War II generation, is making a better life than what his father had by getting higher education. In Norman Rockwell’s painting â€Å"Breaking Family Ties†, a boy sits with his father and dog preparing to leave for college. The young man and his father sit on a board of the family farm truck. At the bottom corner of the painting, shows a single rail. Suggesting that they are waiting for a train. On the ground is the son’s suitcase with a â€Å"State U† sticker.Books are stacked on top of the suitcase. The young man has his tie and socks perfectly matched, and is wearing white trouser and matching jacket. Sitting with his hand folded, the young man looked eagerly toward the train track, ready for the next chapter in his life. His father; however, sits slumped with his and his son’s hats in his hand as if he didn’t want the son to leave. The father looked at the opposite direction of the rail; as if he didn’t want to see the train come and take his son away. Although the father and son are looking in opposite direction, the sense of family bond is still strong.The father, probably in his late fifty, has been through the Great Depression and World War II; values his family more. The generation coming out of the Depression and World War II has been through some of the greatest challenges this country had ever faced. They worked hard their whole life, and now all they want is for their children to have a better life than they. Norman Rockwell perfectly describe the generation shift in â€Å"Breaking Family Ties† as the father, old beyond his years, sacrificed everything so that his son can go to college.He does not want to see his son leave, because he is everything to him. Still, he knows that his son must leave to grow up and be independent. The son, treated like royalty by the father, is ready to move on to the next chapter in his life and be away from the protection of his father. The painting gives mix emotion because of the two different emotions of the main characters. Norman Rockwell shows the differences between the two-generation through the father and son. The experience of leaving you’re parents and being on your own is universal to everyone.The universal message in â€Å"Breaking Family Ties† is being inde pendent for the first time. I was seventeen when I left home by myself to go to college. Preparing to leave home, I was like the boy in â€Å"Breaking Family Ties† eager to move on to the next chapter in my life and to be independent. I was only thinking of myself, and not how leaving would affect my parents. My parents were sad to see me leave, but they knew that I was making a better life for myself by going to college. Just like the Father in â€Å"Breaking Family Ties†. Leaving home for me was the beginning of a new chapter in my life.While for my parents, it was seeing me grow up too fast. Norman Rockwell’s perfectly showed the heartbreaking moment and a son leaving to be on his own for the first time. He also reminded America of how much our country had changed with the two generations. Like all of Norman Rockwell’s works, everything in â€Å"Breaking Family Ties† has a meaning behind it. Which is I can relate to it even if it was painted yea rs before I was born. Norman Rockwell is one of America greatest artist because of the universal meanings behind his works.